![]() With the patient in the supine position on a stretcher or radiographic table, support the cassette vertically against their shoulder, or place the stretcher next to a vertical grid device. When radiographing a trauma patient, do not remove cervical collar and do not manipulate the head or neck.For an extension view, ask the patient to raise the chin with the head tilted back as far as possible. For a flexion projection, ask the patient to depress the chin until it touches the chest - or as far as the patient can tolerate. If the clinician’s request asks for a lateral projection with flexion and extension then perform the following procedures.Be careful to ensure that the patient does not elevate the shoulders. As a final step before exposure, ask the patient to relax and drop the shoulders down and forward as far as possible.Ask the patient to elevate the chin slightly (to prevent superimposition of the upper cervical spine by the mandible).Adjust the shoulders to lie in the same horizontal plane and be sure the patient’s body is in a true lateral position with the long axis of the cervical vertebrae parallel to the plane of the cassette.Center the mid-coronal plane (the plane that passes through the mastoid tips) to the midline of the cassette.For non-trauma cases, position the patient in a lateral position, either seated or standing, with the patient's shoulder against a vertical cassette holder.Positioning for a lateral projection of the cervical spine Minimum SID of 60 inches-72 inches (150-180 cm).Image receptor (IR): 8 x 10 inch (18 x 24 cm).It is of the utmost importance on the lateral projection of the cervical spine that the C-7 vertebra be visualized, as this is the most commonly overlooked site of injury. The lateral view can also be obtained in flexion and extension of the neck, which is particularly effective in demonstrating suspected instability at C-1 to C-2 by allowing evaluation of the atlanto-odontoid distance. The bodies and spinous processes of C-2 to C-7 are fully visualized, and the intervertebral disk spaces and prevertebral soft tissues can be adequately evaluated. This projection suffices to demonstrate most traumatic conditions of the cervical spine, including injuries involving the anterior and posterior arches of C-l the odontoid process, which is seen in profile and the anterior atlantal-dens interval. The single most valuable projection in these instances is the lateral view, which may be obtained in the standard fashion or with the patient supine, depending on their condition. Frequently the patient is unconscious, there are associated injuries, and unnecessary movement risks damage to the cervical cord. ICD-10-CM R93.7 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v41.Radiographic examination of a patient with cervical spine trauma may be difficult and is usually limited to one or two projections. Imaging of musculoskeletal system abnormal.Abnormal musculoskeletal system imaging study.diagnostic abnormal findings classified elsewhere - see Alphabetical IndexĪbnormal findings on diagnostic imaging and in function studies, without diagnosis.abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother ( O28.-).(f) certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is provided, that represent important problems in medical care in their own right.(e) cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available for any other reason.(d) cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment before the diagnosis was made. ![]() (c) provisional diagnosis in a patient who failed to return for further investigation or care.(b) signs or symptoms existing at the time of initial encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes could not be determined.(a) cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made even after all the facts bearing on the case have been investigated.The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories R00- R94 consist of:.8, are generally provided for other relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the classification. The Alphabetical Index should be consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are to be allocated here and which to other chapters. Practically all categories in the chapter could be designated 'not otherwise specified', 'unknown etiology' or 'transient'. In general, categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms that, without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, point perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to two or more systems of the body. Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification.This chapter includes symptoms, signs, abnormal results of clinical or other investigative procedures, and ill-defined conditions regarding which no diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded.
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